Lecture 1

What is Cryogenics?

• What is not cryogenics?
  • Lecture won’t cover non science applications: air separation, LNG or future LH2  use
  • Main topical areas: Refrigeration plants, small cryocoolers, cryostats and storage dewars

Use of cryogenics in Big Science Projects

• Why Cryogenics?
  • Lower temperatures provide
    •  Improved material properties: Superconductivity
    • Denser Fluids plus appropriate temperatures for moderators
    •  Low Noise in electronics
    • Better vacuum and pure fluids
• Disadvantages of Cryogenics
  • Energy Consumption
  • Complexity
  • Cost
• Cooling of superconducting component
  • Magnets – ITER example
  • SRF cavities – ESS example
• Dense fluids
  • Hydrogen moderators - ISIS example
  • Particle detectors – CERN ATLAS example
• Space Applications
  • LOX  and LH2  - Ariane example
  • Space science – recent ESA flight example
• Cooling of electronics – ESO and Einstein telescope example
• Table of European Big Science Projects using Cryogenics

Lecture 2

 Aspects of working with cryogenic systems

• Fluid Properties
• Material Properties
• Safety
• Leaks, seals and leak checking
• Codes and standards

Suppliers in the field – CSA Buyers Guide

Where to go for additional information

• Handouts: Suggested reading, Handbook  chapters on conferences and scientific societies